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Cindy Hahamovitch B. Phinizy Spalding Distinguished Professor of History at the University of Georgia Readers may contact Hahamovitch at cxhaha@uga.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic
Journal of American History, Volume 110, Issue 4, March 2024, Pages 643–666, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaad350
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01 March 2024
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Cindy Hahamovitch, The “Profane Margins” of the State: Florida Sheriff Walter R. Clark and the Local History of Crime, Policing, and Incarceration, Journal of American History, Volume 110, Issue 4, March 2024, Pages 643–666, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaad350
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The stevedore Willie Williams was inside a Fort Lauderdale drug store buying cigarettes when Officer Joe Smiley approached him. Smiley uttered words no Black person in Broward County wanted to hear: “Sheriff Clark wants to talk to you.” As Williams approached Sheriff Walter R. Clark's car, Clark asked, “Where you work at, boy?” Although Williams told him “Port Everglades,” Clark had him arrested and charged with vagrancy, a crime usually defined as wandering from place to place without means of support. Williams had wandered no farther than the corner store on his day off, and he was clearly employed because, after two nights in jail, Williams was released so he could pick up his wages to pay a $35 fine plus $20 in court costs. Agent Edwin B. Poorman, sent by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Fbi) to look into Clark's false arrests of Williams and other Black workers, noted the irony by typing “his wages” in bold. Clark received a portion of each fine plus a fee every time he appeared in court to deliver the “guilty slips” he or other officials signed on behalf of the people he and his deputies arrested. In a formal complaint to the Fbi, Rev. Aron Gilmartin of the Workers Defense League noted wryly, “A sheriff's got to do a powerful lot of arresting to make his salary down here.”1
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